The general convention is to quote only when you could not possibly explain the concept any better in your own words. Use quoting sparingly, as instructors want to read your understanding and synthesis of the material, not your ability to extract meaningful quotes. The wording should be in quotations to denote that it is not your original work. Any time that you use the exact words of the source author, you must provide in-text citations. Here are five basic principles to guide in you in the citing process: This includes any source that contributes, either directly or indirectly, to your knowledge and understanding of the material and the formulation of your arguments (3). While you are synthesizing and often summarizing many pieces of information, you must cite any concept that is not your own. You must cite the source every time you incorporate research, words, ideas, data, or information that is not your own (2). There is no such thing as “over-citing,” so cite the original source as much as possible.
The general convention is: “ when in doubt, cite” (1). This is a critical skill that all public health professionals must develop. Now that you have consulted the literature and are ready to synthesize your information, be careful to adequately give credit to original authors by citing appropriately. Are you curious about the difference between an abstract and an executive summary? A critique and a reflection? A literature review and a research paper? Are you anxious about whether or not your experience writing papers as an English literature or political science undergraduate will translate well to writing papers in your public health classes?
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